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Ankylosauridae (/ ˌ æ ŋ k ɪ l oʊ ˈ s ɔː r ɪ d iː /) is a family of armored dinosaurs within Ankylosauria, and is the sister group to Nodosauridae. The oldest known ankylosaurids date to around 122 million years ago and went extinct 66 million years ago during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event . [ 1 ]
The two main families of ankylosaurians, Nodosauridae and Ankylosauridae are primarily known from the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Europe and Asia), but the more basal Parankylosauria are known from southern Gondwana (South America, Australia and Antarctica) during the Cretaceous.
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Ankylosaurinae is formally defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Shamosaurus scutatus". [2] [3] [4] The tribe Ankylosaurini is defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Pinacosaurus grangeri and Saichania chulsanensis".
As computer-based cladistics matured in the 1990s, paleontologists were among the first zoologists to broadly adopt the system. [3] Progressive scrutiny and work upon dinosaurian interrelationships, with the aid of new discoveries that have shed light on previously uncertain relationships between taxa, have begun to yield a stabilizing ...
Initially, Maleev described Talarurus as having four digits on the foot. [1] However, the foot was not found in articulation; the mounted foot is a composite, and three is the more likely number as all other known ankylosaurids show three toes; earlier reports that Pinacosaurus also possessed four are incorrect.
Euoplocephalus (/ j uː ˌ ɒ p l oʊ ˈ s ɛ f əl ə s / yoo-OP-loh-SEF-ə-ləs) is a genus of large herbivorous ankylosaurid dinosaurs, living during the Late Cretaceous of Canada.It has only one named species, Euoplocephalus tutus.
The preserved maxillae have length of about twelve centimetres. [1] This indicates that Maleevus was a medium-sized ankylosaur of around 6 metres (20 ft). The height and weight of Maleevus is unknown due to the lack of known remains.