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For example, basalt as a description of a particular composition of lava-derived rock dates to Georgius Agricola in 1546 in his work De Natura Fossilium. [27] The word granite goes back at least to the 1640s and is derived either from French granit or Italian granito , meaning simply "granulate rock". [ 28 ]
Rocks formations and the Dedo de Deus (God's Finger) peak in the background, Serra dos Órgãos National Park, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil Raouché or Pigeons' Rock in Beirut, Lebanon Druid Arch, Canyonlands National Park, Utah, US View of Meteora, Greece Rock formations in Ongamira Valley, Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina Belogradchik Rocks, Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria "Jaws", an erosional fin ...
Peridotite, a type of ultramafic rock. Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are usually composed of greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).
Geology is the study of Earth and its components, including the study of rock formations. Petrology is the study of the character and origin of rocks.
Lime kiln in Barda Norte Locality, General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina. The stratotype of the Roca Formation is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of General Roca, Río Negro (39º40´S, 67º32´W). The fossiliferous beds of the Roca Formation were discovered by G. Rohde Windhausen (1914), who was also the first author to describe these ...
Basalt. A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron.Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite.
The East Rock trap rock ridge overlooking New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. Trap rock forming a characteristic pavement, Giant's Causeway, Northern Ireland Trap rock cliff overlooking the Hudson River from an overlook on the Hudson Palisades in Bergen County, New Jersey, U.S. Trap rock forming a characteristic stockade wall, Giant's Causeway, Northern Ireland
Metamorphic rocks form one of the three great divisions of rock types. They are distinguished from igneous rocks, which form from molten magma, and sedimentary rocks, which form from sediments eroded from existing rock or precipitated chemically from bodies of water.