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In construction, commissioning or commissioning process (often abbreviated Cx) [1] [2] [3] is an integrated, systematic process to ensure, that all building systems perform interactively according to the "Design Intent", through documented verification. The commissioning process establishes and documents the "Owner's Project Requirements (OPR ...
[3] Formwork for beams takes the form of a box that is supported and propped in the correct position and level. The removal time for the formwork will vary with air temperature, humidity and consequent curing rate. Typical striking times are as follows (using air temperature of 7-16 °C): Form work. Beam sides: 9–12 hours. Beam soffits: 8 ...
Engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contracts (a type of turnkey contract) are a form of contract used to undertake construction works by the private sector on large-scale and complex infrastructure projects. [1] They may follow a Front-End Engineering and Design (FEED) contract.
In an effort to assist industry professionals with the selection of appropriate project delivery systems, construction management researchers have prepared a Procurement Method and Contract Selection Model, which can be used for high level decision making for construction projects on a case-by-case basis. [3]
The CSI Project Delivery Practice Guide (PDPG) is the introductory volume in the Practice Guide Series. The PDPG presents an overview of the process needed to conceive, design, construct, and maintain a construction project. This Guide describes the many parts of that process and the inter-related roles of the various participants in the process.
The contractor must prioritize the submittal process, submitting and obtaining approval for materials needed for the first part of the project. Present-day submittal software for the construction industry can help streamline that process by grouping submittals by submittal types, using a standard material library, and ability to filter by the ...
The operations manual is the documentation by which an organisation provides guidance for members and employees to perform their functions correctly and reasonably efficiently. [1] It documents the approved standard procedures for performing operations safely to produce goods and provide services. [ 2 ]
Front-end loading (FEL), also referred to as Front-End Engineering Design (FEED), Front End Planning (FEP), pre-project planning (PPP), and early project planning, is the process for conceptual development of projects in processing industries such as upstream oil and gas, petrochemical, natural gas refining, extractive metallurgy, waste-to-energy, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals.