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The White movement, [c] also known as the Whites, [d] was one of the main factions of the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. It was led mainly by the right-leaning and conservative officers of the Russian Empire, while the Bolsheviks who led the October Revolution in Russia, also known as the Reds, and their supporters, were regarded as the main enemies of the Whites.
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, [a] often shortened to the Red Army, [b] was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars [1] to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups ...
The results of the civil war were momentous. Soviet demographer Boris Urlanis estimated that 300,000 men were killed in action during the Civil War and Polish-Soviet War – 125,000 in the Red Army, 175,500 White armies and Poles – and the total number of military personnel from both sides dead from disease as 450,000. [173]
In turn, between August 1919 and January 1920, the Whites defended the city against the Bolsheviks. Tsaritsyn was finally conquered by the Reds in early 1920. The defense of Tsaritsyn, nicknamed the "Red Verdun", [1] was one of the most widely described and commemorated events of the Civil War in Soviet historiography, art and propaganda.
The new republic did not fare any better and saw a continued stalemate. With the start of the Russian Civil War, the collapse of the Republic and the rise of Red Russia a vacuum on the eastern border was created. Several states broke free in the chaos which Germany decided to take advantage of.
The Reds did not manage anymore to organize the defense of Ekaterinodar, their troops fleeing before the advance of the Whites. On August 15, the Whites took Ekaterinodar without a fight, followed on August 26 by Novorossiysk. The campaign then continued along the coast of the Black Sea towards Stavropol, which was taken on November 15, 1918.
The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: guerra civil española) [note 2] was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left -leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic . [ 10 ]
The Advance on Moscow was a military campaign of the White Armed Forces of South Russia (AFSR), launched against the RSFSR in July 1919 during the Russian Civil War.The goal of the campaign was the capture of Moscow, which, according to the chief of the White Army Anton Denikin, would play a decisive role in the outcome of the Civil War and bring the Whites closer to the final victory.