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Chinese musical instruments are traditionally grouped into eight categories (classified by the material from which the instruments were made) known as bā yīn . [1] The eight categories are silk , bamboo , wood , stone , metal , clay , gourd and skin ; other instruments considered traditional exist that may not fit these groups.
The xun (simplified Chinese: 埙; traditional: 塤; pinyin: xūn) is a Chinese vessel flute made of clay or ceramic. It is one of the oldest Chinese instruments. Shaped like an egg, it differs from the ocarina in being side-blown, like the Western concert flute, rather than having a recorder-like mouthpiece (a fipple or beak).
It is the embodiment of the unique Chinese aesthetic conceptions. In a traditional Chinese orchestra, xun plays the important part of alto voice. Its soft, heavy voice makes high-pitch and low-pitch in a harmonious proportion. In this sense, xun represents also the idea of harmony, which is one of the main parts of traditional Chinese values. [6]
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The maker would form a nose hole in the neck (or stem) of the gourd, by cutting off the neck at a fairly small cross-section. This small hole is placed under the player's nostril, in order to generate the flute-tone. The kōauau ponga ihu functions as an ocarina in its acoustic principles. Several notes of a scale can be obtained by drilling ...
The default tuning of zhongruan is G 2 D 3 G 3 D 4. [3] It can also be tuned as G 2 D 3 A 3 E 4, or A 2 D 3 D 3 D 4, or other variants, according to requirements in music scores. [4] Since the zhongruan has a rounded, calm and rich tone, it is usually played as a lead instrument in small ensembles and used to accompany other instruments in Chinese orchestra. [5]
The hand flute, or handflute, is a musical instrument made out of the player's hands. It is also called a hand ocarina or hand whistle . To produce sound, the player creates a chamber of air with their hands, into which they blow air via an opening at the thumbs.
Another Chinese four-string plucked lute is the liuqin, which looks like a smaller version of the pipa. The pear-shaped instrument may have existed in China as early as the Han dynasty, and although historically the term pipa was once used to refer to a variety of plucked chordophones, its usage since the Song dynasty refers exclusively to the ...