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The geothermal water is supplied by five production wells and injected by six injection wells. There is a program to add three new production wells. [1] The depth of wells is 4,000–8,000 feet (1,200–2,400 m). [2] The technology was supplied by Ormat Technologies. [1] [2] The well drilling contractors were ThermaSource and Ensign. The piping ...
Below that, in the deeper layer, the temperature is effectively constant, rising about 0.025 °C per metre according to the geothermal gradient. The "penetration depth" [3] is defined as the depth at which the temperature variable is less than 0.01 of the variation at the surface. This also depends on the type of soil:
Producing steam from a well in a reservoir hotter than 450 °C (840 °F)—at a proposed rate of around 0.67 cubic metres per second (24 cu ft/s) should be sufficient to generate around 45 MW. If this is correct, then the project could be a major step towards developing high-temperature geothermal resources. [4]
NM4 was the first well in New Zealand to encounter a pluton, at a depth of almost 2400m. Mighty River Power undertook further drilling in 2008-09, with wells NM5, NM6, and NM7 drilled to depths of 2997m, 3398m, 2963m respectively. [5] Resource consents for further development were granted in May 2010. [6]
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The highest concentrations are located in the Mayacamas Mountains and Imperial Valley of California, as well as in Western Nevada. The first geothermal area to be exploited for commercial electricity generation was The Geysers , a complex of 22 geothermal power stations located in Sonoma and Lake counties of California , which was commissioned ...
A deep geothermal well was used to heat greenhouses in Boise in 1926, and geysers were used to heat greenhouses in Iceland and Tuscany at about the same time. [21] Charlie Lieb developed the first downhole heat exchanger in 1930 to heat his house. Steam and hot water from the geysers began to be used to heat homes in Iceland in 1943.
As of 2007 plant construction and well drilling cost about €2–5 million per MW of electrical capacity, while the break-even price was 0.04–0.10 € per kW·h. [10] Enhanced geothermal systems tend to be on the high side of these ranges, with capital costs above $4 million per MW and break-even above $0.054 per kW·h.