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The booster may not prevent a potentially fatal case of tetanus from the current wound, however, as it can take up to two weeks for tetanus antibodies to form. [44] In children under the age of seven, the tetanus vaccine is often administered as a combined vaccine, DPT/DTaP vaccine, which also includes vaccines against diphtheria and pertussis.
Tetanus vaccine, also known as tetanus toxoid (TT), is a toxoid vaccine used to prevent tetanus. [2] During childhood, five doses are recommended, with a sixth given during adolescence. [2] After three doses, almost everyone is initially immune, [2] but additional doses every ten years are recommended to maintain immunity. [3]
The modern method of inactivating tetanus toxin with formaldehyde was developed by Gaston Ramon in the 1920s; this led to the development of the tetanus toxoid vaccine by P. Descombey in 1924, which was widely used to prevent tetanus induced by battle wounds during World War II. [6]
Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin, also known as tetanus immune globulin (TIG) and tetanus antitoxin, is a medication made up of antibodies against the tetanus toxin. [1] It is used to prevent tetanus in those who have a wound that is at high risk, have not been fully vaccinated with tetanus toxoid , or have HIV/AIDS .
The Td booster shot may also be administered as protection from a severe burn or dirty wound. [36] The DT vaccine is given to children under the age of seven who are unable to receive the pertussis antigen in the DTaP vaccine due to a contraindication. [39]
A vaccine adverse event (VAE), sometimes referred to as a vaccine injury, is an adverse event believed to have been caused by vaccination. [1] The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to Adverse Events Following Immunization ( AEFI ).
Tetanus is a medical emergency that requires hospitalization, immediate treatment with human tetanus immune globulin (TIG), the tetanus vaccine, drugs to control muscle spasms, aggressive wound care, antibiotics, and depending on how severe the infection is, the patient may need to be put on a ventilator (a machine that breathes for you). [27]
Clean, minor wounds All other wounds Unknown or fewer than three doses of tetanus toxoid containing vaccine: Tdap and recommend catch-up vaccination: Tdap and recommend catch-up vaccination Tetanus immunoglobulin: Three or more doses of tetanus toxoid containing vaccine AND less than 5 years since last dose No indication: No indication