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grep is a command-line utility for searching plaintext datasets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (global regular expression search and print), which has the same effect.
/E Matches pattern if at the end of a line. /L Uses search strings literally. /R Uses search strings as regular expressions. /S Searches for matching files in the current directory and all subdirectories. /I Specifies that the search is not to be case-sensitive. /X Prints lines that match exactly. /V Prints only lines that do not contain a match.
The possible search criteria include a pattern to match against the filename or a time range to match against the modification time or access time of the file. By default, find returns a list of all files below the current working directory , although users can limit the search to any desired maximum number of levels under the starting directory.
Matches any single character (many applications exclude newlines, and exactly which characters are considered newlines is flavor-, character-encoding-, and platform-specific, but it is safe to assume that the line feed character is included). Within POSIX bracket expressions, the dot character matches a literal dot.
/V Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string. /C Displays only the count of lines containing the string. /N Displays line numbers with the displayed lines. /I Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string. Note: If a pathname is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt or piped from another command.
Wildcard completion is a generalization of path completion, where an expression matches any number of files, using any supported syntax for file matching. Variable completion is the completion of the name of a variable name (environment variable or shell variable). Bash, zsh, and fish have completion for all variable names.
The shell script makes an environment variable pattern containing the first argument, then drops that argument and has awk look for the pattern in each file. ~ checks to see if its left operand matches its right operand; !~ is its inverse. A regular expression is just a string and can be stored in variables.
A group of Standards Committees from the IEEE, the Open Group and the ISO/IEC began working on the Single UNIX Specification v 3; they together became known as the Austin Group. A Technical Standard for Shell and Utilities was created in The Open Group Base Specifications, Issue 6, which is itself a part of the Single UNIX Specification v 3. [43]