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This is the gene described in The Selfish Gene. [9] More thorough discussions of this version of a gene can be found in the articles Genetics and Gene-centered view of evolution. The molecular gene definition is more commonly used across biochemistry, molecular biology, and most of genetics—the gene that is described in terms of DNA sequence. [1]
Human protein-coding gene pages: •Python code for maintaining the list •List of human protein-coding genes page 1 covers genes A1BG–EPGN •List of human protein-coding genes page 2 covers genes EPHA1–MTMR3 •List of human protein-coding genes page 3 covers genes MTMR4–SLC17A7
In general gene expression is regulated through changes [44] in the number and type of interactions between molecules [45] that collectively influence transcription of DNA [46] and translation of RNA. [47] Some simple examples of where gene expression is important are: Control of insulin expression so it gives a signal for blood glucose regulation.
Each unique form of a single gene is called an allele. As an example, one allele for the gene for hair color could instruct the body to produce much pigment, producing black hair, while a different allele of the same gene might give garbled instructions that fail to produce any pigment, giving white hair.
One of multiple alternative versions of an individual gene, each of which is a viable DNA sequence occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome. For example, in humans, one allele of the eye-color gene produces blue eyes and another allele of the eye-color gene produces brown eyes. allele frequency
Mendelian traits behave according to the model of monogenic or simple gene inheritance in which one gene corresponds to one trait. Discrete traits (as opposed to continuously varying traits such as height) with simple Mendelian inheritance patterns are relatively rare in nature, and many of the clearest examples in humans cause disorders.
One of multiple alternative versions of an individual gene, each of which is a viable DNA sequence occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome. For example, in humans, one allele of the eye-color gene produces blue eyes and another allele of the same gene produces brown eyes. allosome. Also sex chromosome, heterochromosome, or ...
An entire gene family may also be lost, or gained through de novo gene birth, by such extensive divergence such that a gene is considered part of a new family, or by horizontal gene transfer. When the number of genes per genome remains relatively constant, this implies that genes are gained and lost at relatively same rates.