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Around half of people with diabetic retinopathy develop swelling of the macula, called macular edema, which can begin at any time. [6] If the swelling occurs near the center of the macula, it can cause vision disruptions ranging from mildly blurred vision to severe loss of the center of an affected person's visual field. [7]
The most common cause found in adults is diabetic retinopathy. Abnormal blood vessels can form in the back of the eye of a person with diabetes. These new blood vessels are weaker and prone to breaking and causing hemorrhage. [2] Diabetic retinopathy accounts for 31.5–54% of all cases of vitreous hemorrhage in adults in the United States. [1]
Retinopathy: If left untreated, any type of retinopathy (including diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy, anemic retinopathy, [8] etc.) can damage retina and lead to visual field defects and blindness. [9] Hypervitaminosis A: Excess consumption of vitamin A can cause blurred vision. [10]
Despite the fact that only 8% of adults 40 years and older experience vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (e.g. nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy or NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy or PDR), this eye disease accounted for 17% of cases of blindness in 2002. [68] Retinitis pigmentosa
Following a dilated fundus examination, patients may experience blurred vision and light sensitivity until the effects of the mydriatic eye drops wear off; for this reason, the use of sunglasses is recommended to prevent damage to the eyes while dilated. [1]
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME): is an eye disease specifically related to diabetes, occurring due to fluid build-up in the retina as a result of sustained high blood glucose levels. It can result in blurred vision and vision loss. [5] Eye floaters and spots: where visible cloud-like images appear to "float" in an individual's field of vision. [6]
Patients may experience blurred vision, floaters, or complete vision loss due to retinal or vitreous haemorrhage, and neurological symptoms like severe headaches, nausea, seizures, and confusion may also arise. Diagnosis is challenging as the eye bleeding can resemble other conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion.
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) are abnormalities of the blood vessels that supply the retina of the eye, a sign of diabetic retinopathy. [1] IRMA can be difficult to distinguish from and is likely a precursor to retinal neovascularization. One way to distinguish IRMA from retinal neovascularization is to perform fluorescein ...
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