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The grass puffer (Takifugu niphobles), or Kusa-fugu (Japanese: 草河豚), is a species of fish in the pufferfish family (Tetraodontidae). This common to abundant species is found in the northwest Pacific Ocean in China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), Japan, Korea, the Philippines and Vietnam. [1]
Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and triggerfish; several of these species carry the toxin. Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish, it is found in several other animals (e.g., in blue-ringed octopuses, rough-skinned newts, and moon snails).
They are sometimes collectively called pufferfish, [3] not to be confused with the morphologically similar and closely related Tetraodontidae, which are more commonly given this name. They are found in shallow, temperate, and tropical seas worldwide.
Tetraodontidae is a family of primarily marine and estuarine fish of the order Tetraodontiformes. The family includes many familiar species variously called pufferfish, puffers, balloonfish, blowfish, blowers, blowies, bubblefish, globefish, swellfish, toadfish, toadies, toadle, honey toads, sugar toads, and sea squab. [1]
Takifugu rubripes, commonly known as the Japanese puffer, Japanese pufferfish, Tiger puffer, or torafugu (Japanese: 虎河豚), is a pufferfish in the genus Takifugu. It is distinguished by a very small genome that has been fully sequenced because of its use as a model species and is in widespread use as a reference in genomics.
Takifugu, also known by the Japanese name fugu (河豚, lit. "river pig"), is a genus of pufferfish with 25 species, most of which are native to salt and brackish waters of the northwest Pacific, but a few species are found in freshwater in Asia or more widely in the Indo-Pacific region.
Notorious for taking bait from fish hooks, the smooth toadfish is an unwanted catch for anglers as its flesh is highly poisonous and unfit for human consumption. Its lack of spines makes it easier to handle than other toadfish when it inflates itself after being caught. [ 12 ]
The toxin found in C. valentini as well as in other pufferfish species is one of the most potent naturally occurring toxins. [10] It is a neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin present in the skin and other tissues of C. valentini. It is lethal to many species of fish, thus making C. valentini unpalatable to predators. [11]