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It produced eminent scholars who were often invited by foreign countries to spread Buddhist learning, culture and religion including Atiśa and Ratnākaraśānti. [ 2 ] Vikramashila was established by the Pala emperor Dharmapala (783 to 820 CE) in response to a supposed decline in the quality of scholarship at Nalanda .
He founded the Vikramashila monastery which later evolved into a great learning centre of Buddhism. Vikramashila had about 100 professors, and was managed by a governing body of six member. [ 15 ] The most celebrated name associated with the Vikramshila University was that of Buddhist scholar Atiśa , who was greatly respected in Tibet . [ 16 ]
University of Mithila was famous for Nyaya Sutra and logical Sciences. It was gradually started from the philosophical conferences held by Seeradhwaja Janaka, the Ikshwaku king of Mithila at his court. Janaka was an ancient Hindu king of Videha which was located in Mithila region, approximately in the 8th or 7th century BC.
A number of monasteries grew up during the Pāla period in ancient India in the eastern regions of the Indian subcontinent, comprising Bengal and Magadha.According to Tibetan sources, five great Mahaviharas (universities) stood out: Vikramashila, the premier university of the era; Nalanda, past its prime but still illustrious; Somapura Mahavihara; Odantapurā; and Jaggadala. [2]
It was founded by the later kings of the Pāla dynasty, probably Ramapala (c. 1077-1120), [2] most likely at a site near the present village of Jagdal in Dhamoirhat Upazila in the north-west Bangladesh on the border with India, near Paharapur. [3] Some texts also spell the name Jaggadala.
The prestigious University of the Punjab, also located in Lahore, was the fourth university established by the British in South Asia, founded in 1882. The Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College , founded in 1875, was the first modern institution of higher education for Muslims in India.
Tantric Buddhism dominated in this region and period, and was spread to Tibet. [40] [41] According to Tibetan sources, five great Mahavihars stood out: Vikramashila, the premier university of the era; Nalanda, past its prime but still illustrious, Somapura, Odantapurā, and Jaggadala. [42]
While the geographic impact of Jainism was limited to India, Buddhist nuns and monks eventually spread the teachings of Buddha to Central Asia, East Asia, Tibet, Sri Lanka and South East Asia. Nalanda University and Vikramshila University one of the oldest residential universities were established in Bihar during this period.