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Its Masonic charter was withdrawn in 1976, and it was transformed by Worshipful Master Licio Gelli into an international, illegal, clandestine, anti-communist, anti-Soviet, anti-Marxist, and radical right [2] [3] [4] criminal organization and secret society operating in contravention of Article 18 of the Constitution of Italy that banned all ...
This marked the start of raids by army officers on Masonic lodges [35] along with theft, and sometimes destruction, of Masonic libraries, records, archives, paraphernalia, and works of art. Several Masonic buildings were seized and used for anti-Masonic exhibitions. The masonic documents were archived, preserved and may still be used for research.
The sacramental character of Masonic rituals was seen as signifying an individual transformation, [71] offering an alternative path to perfection [72] and having a total claim on the life of a member [73] It concludes by stating that all lodges are forbidden to Catholics, [74] including Catholic-friendly lodges.
Masonic lodges are normally male-only societies, associated with arcane symbols and rituals. They have also sometimes been linked to conspiracy theories alleging undue influence on world affairs.
Former Russian exiles active in Grand Orient of France and the Grand Lodge of France both set up a number of Lodges in Russia. Prominent figures in this drive were the aforementioned Kovalevsky and also Evgenii Valentinovich de Roberti. These few lodges were typically opened in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The three lodges of the Grand Orient had ...
The first Papal Bull against Freemasonry was issued the following year, making it illegal in the Papal States. Foreign masons, however, continued to meet in secret, issuing a medal honouring Martin Folkes in 1742. A permanent lodge was established in 1787, but erased by the Inquisition two years later, the same day that Cagliostro was captured ...
The third fire was reported just before 7.30 am at the Masonic Temple near Vancouver’s Rupert Street and East 29th Avenue, VPD said.This footage, captured by Robert Mogensen, shows smoke ...
Hundreds of conspiracy theories about Freemasonry have been described since the late 18th century. [1] Usually, these theories fall into three distinct categories: political (usually involving allegations of control of government, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom), religious (usually involving allegations of anti-Christian or Satanic beliefs or practices), and cultural ...