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This may be due to the fact that with proper treatment, captivity can provide refuge against diseases, competition with others of the same species and predators. Most notably, animals with shorter lifespans and faster growth rates benefit more from zoos than animals with higher longevities and slow growth rates. [2]
By another definition, however, maximum life span corresponds to the age at which the oldest known member of a species or experimental group has died. Calculation of the maximum life span in the latter sense depends upon the initial sample size. [1] Maximum life span contrasts with mean life span (average life span, life expectancy), and longevity.
The 100 species with longest life-spans recorded and verified [1] This is a list of the longest-living biological organisms: the individual(s) (or in some instances, clones) of a species with the longest natural maximum life spans. For a given species, such a designation may include:
Baboons in captivity have been known to live up to 45 years, while in the wild their life expectancy is between 20 and 30 years. Relationship with humans A trained baboon operating a railway junction for a disabled signalman in Uitenhage , 1884.
The average yearly survival rate of an adult emperor penguin has been measured at 95.1%, with an average life expectancy of 19.9 years. The same researchers estimated that 1% of emperor penguins hatched could feasibly reach an age of 50 years. [21] In contrast, only 19% of chicks survive their first year of life. [22]
Female Asian elephants sexually mature around the age of 10~15 and keep growing until 30, while males fully mature at more than the age of 25, and constantly grow throughout their life. [79] [80] Average elephant life expectancy is approximately 60 years. [8] Some individuals are known to have lived into their late 80s. [81]
Common starling nests have a 48% to 79% rate of successful fledging, although only 20% of nestlings survive to breeding age; the adult survival rate is closer to 60%. The average life span is about 2–3 years, [24] with a longevity record of 22 years 11 months. [55]
However, the species' life expectancy in the wild is only 1.8 to 3.1 years, depending on the local conditions such as traffic volume, hunting, and weather severity. [204] It is not unusual for only half of the young born in one year to survive a full year. [187] [205] After this point, the annual mortality rate drops to between 10% and 30%. [187]