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Abraham [a] was a prophet and messenger [5] [6] of God according to Islam, and an ancestor to the Ishmaelite Arabs and Israelites. [5] [7] Abraham plays a prominent role as an example of faith in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. [5]
Muhammad returned to Mecca not long before his death, following the victory of his forces in the Muslim–Quraysh War (Arabic: فتح مكة Fatḥ Makkah). The date Muhammad set out for Mecca is variously given as 2, 6 or 10 Ramadan 8 AH [63] (December 629 or January 630). [63] [64] (10–20 Ramadan, 8 AH). [63]
In 630, Muhammad marched on Mecca with 10,000 Muslim converts. With minimal casualties, Muhammad seized control of Mecca. [275] He declared an amnesty for past offences, except for ten men and women who were "guilty of murder or other offences or had sparked off the war and disrupted the peace". [276] Some of these were later pardoned. [277]
The date Muhammad set out for Mecca is variously given as 2, 6 or 10 Ramadan 8 AH. [3] The date Muhammad entered Mecca is variously given as 10, 17/18, 19 or 20 Ramadan 8 AH. [3] The conversion of these dates to the Julian calendar depends on what assumptions are made about the calendar in use in Mecca at the time.
Abraham [a] (originally Abram) [b] is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. [7] In Judaism, he is the founding father of the special relationship between the Jews and God; in Christianity, he is the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether Jewish or non-Jewish; [c] [8] and in Islam, he is a link in the chain of Islamic ...
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Muhammad led the Conquest of Mecca in Ramadan of the Islamic year 8 AH (corresponding to Dec. 629/Jan. 630). The Quraysh in Mecca was Muhammad's final major rival in the Arabian Peninsula, and following the conquest, Muhammad focused his military operations on further expansion of his Islamic realm to the north, with a campaign against the Ghassanids and the Byzantine Empire.
Most likely, Ali did not pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr until his wife Fatima died within six months of her father Muhammad. [44] In Shia sources, the death (and miscarriage) of the young Fatima are attributed to an attack on her house to subdue Ali at the order of Abu Bakr. [45] [34] [35] [46] Sunnis categorically reject these allegations. [46]