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Example of a guillotine cut Example of a non-guillotine cut. The cutting stock problem of determining, for the one-dimensional case, the best master size that will meet given demand is known as the assortment problem. [3]
A mass haul diagram where land and rock cuts are hauled to fills Fill construction in 1909 Cut & Fill Software showing cut areas highlighted in red and fill areas shaded in blue. In earthmoving , cut and fill is the process of constructing a railway , road or canal whereby the amount of material from cuts roughly matches the amount of fill ...
In that case, earthwork software is principally used to calculate cut and fill volumes which are then used for producing material and time estimates. Most products offer additional functionality such as the ability to takeoff terrain elevation from plans (using contour lines and spot heights ); produce shaded cut and fill maps; produce cross ...
Branch and cut [1] is a method of combinatorial optimization for solving integer linear programs (ILPs), that is, linear programming (LP) problems where some or all the unknowns are restricted to integer values. [2] Branch and cut involves running a branch and bound algorithm and using cutting planes to tighten
Methods that evaluate gradients, or approximate gradients in some way (or even subgradients): Coordinate descent methods: Algorithms which update a single coordinate in each iteration; Conjugate gradient methods: Iterative methods for large problems. (In theory, these methods terminate in a finite number of steps with quadratic objective ...
In civil engineering, a cut or cutting is where soil or rock from a relative rise is removed. Cuts are typically used in road, rail, and canal construction to reduce a route's length and grade. Cut and fill construction uses the spoils from cuts to fill in defiles to create straight routes at steady grades cost-effectively.
The original application by d'Ocagne, the automation of complicated cut and fill calculations for earth removal during the construction of the French national railway system. This was an important proof of concept, because the calculations are non-trivial and the results translated into significant savings of time, effort, and money.
In Computers and Intractability [8]: 226 Garey and Johnson list the bin packing problem under the reference [SR1]. They define its decision variant as follows. Instance: Finite set of items, a size () + for each , a positive integer bin capacity , and a positive integer .