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This imbalance has to be exceptionally small, on the order of 1 in every 1 630 000 000 (≈ 2 × 10 9) particles a small fraction of a second after the Big Bang. [4] After most of the matter and antimatter was annihilated, what remained was all the baryonic matter in the current universe, along with a much greater number of bosons .
Neither the standard model of particle physics nor the theory of general relativity provides a known explanation for why this should be so, and it is a natural assumption that the universe is neutral with all conserved charges. [3] The Big Bang should have produced equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Since this does not seem to have been ...
The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the relative density Ω is less than, equal to or greater than 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with greater than critical density (Ω>1, k>0); a hyperbolic, underdense universe (Ω<1, k<0); and a flat universe with exactly the critical density (Ω=1, k=0).
All the particles that make up the matter around us, such electrons and protons, have antimatter versions which are nearly identical, but with mirrored properties such as the opposite electric charge.
There appears to be very little antimatter - and on Earth almost none. ... Scientists remain puzzled by antimatter's scarcity in the observable universe. For instance, there is no indication of ...
The distribution of known baryons in the universe. [14] The census of known baryons in the universe tallied to around 60% of total baryons until the resolution of the missing baryon problem. This is in distinction from composition of the entire universe which includes dark energy and dark matter of which baryonic matter composes only 5%. [19]
Another question for astroparticle physicists is why is there so much more matter than antimatter in the universe today. Baryogenesis is the term for the hypothetical processes that produced the unequal numbers of baryons and antibaryons in the early universe, which is why the universe is made of matter today, and not antimatter.
The epoch of recombination occurred during a matter dominated era of the universe, so we can approximate () as () (+). Putting these together, we see that the angular diameter distance, or the size of the observable universe for a redshift z r e c ≈ 1100 {\displaystyle z_{rec}\approx 1100} is