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Women did not explore Antarctica until well into the 1950s. A few pioneering women visited the Antarctic land and waters prior to the 1950s and many women requested to go on early expeditions, but were turned away. [141] Early pioneers such as Louise Séguin [142] and Ingrid Christensen were some of the first women to see Antarctic waters. [143]
Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System. Antarctica is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 60° S for the purposes of the Treaty System. [1]
A map of the Antarctic region, including the Antarctic Convergence and the 60th parallel south The Antarctic Plate. The Antarctic (/ æ n ˈ t ɑːr t ɪ k / or / æ n ˈ t ɑːr k t ɪ k /, American English also / æ n t ˈ ɑːr t ɪ k / or / æ n t ˈ ɑːr k t ɪ k /; commonly / æ ˈ n ɑːr t ɪ k /) [Note 1] is a polar region around Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around ...
Due to the possibility of access to the South Pole through the Makran Sea and the lack of any land between Iran's eastern coast and Antarctica, the Iranian sector with an approximate length of 3,000 km and width of 405 km and an approximate area of 200 to 250 thousand square kilometers would conflict with Australia's claims and would include ...
Colonization of Antarctica is the establishing and maintaining of control over Antarctic land for exploitation and possibly settlement. [1]Antarctica was claimed by several states since the 16th century, culminating in a territorial competition in the first half of the 20th century when its interior was explored and the first Antarctic camps and bases were set up.
Antarctica's two flowering plant species, the Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica) and Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis) are found on the northern and western parts of the Antarctic Peninsula, including offshore islands, where the climate is relatively mild. Lagotellerie Island in Marguerite Bay is an example of this habitat.
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The exception was the Antarctic Peninsula, where warming was pronounced and well-documented; [23] it was eventually found to have warmed by 3 °C (5.4 °F) since the mid 20th century. [24] Based on this limited data, several papers published in the early 2000s said there had been an overall cooling over continental Antarctica outside the Peninsula.