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Laurell Technologies WS-400 spin coater used to apply photoresist to the surface of a silicon wafer. Spin coating is a procedure used to deposit uniform thin films onto flat substrates. Usually a small amount of coating material in liquid form is applied on the center of the substrate, which is either spinning at low speed or not spinning at all.
Spin casting is a favored method for fabricating items in the specified materials – low temperature metals and thermoset plastics. Compared to the two main competing processes, injection molding and (zinc) die-casting, spin casting has significant advantages in terms of startup cost and ease of use.
[13] [16] A variety of experimental techniques were successfully exploited for the formation of breath-figures self-assembly induced patterns including drop-casting, dip-coating and spin-coating. [2] [15] Adapted techniques to achieve varied pattern morphologies and hierarchical designs have also been developed. [17]
Slot-die coating is a non-contact coating method, in which the slot-die is typically held over the substrate at a height several times higher than the target wet film thickness. [23] The coating fluid transfers from the slot-die to the substrate via a fluid bridge that spans the air gap between the slot-die lips and substrate surface.
The precursor sol can be either deposited on a substrate to form a film (e.g., by dip-coating or spin coating), cast into a suitable container with the desired shape (e.g., to obtain monolithic ceramics, glasses, fibers, membranes, aerogels), or used to synthesize powders (e.g., microspheres, nanospheres). [1]
There are four basic parameters that are involved in spin coating: solution viscosity, solid content (density), angular speed, and spin time. [13] A range of thicknesses can be achieved by spin coating. Most commonly the thicknesses range from 1-200 μm. The main properties that affect the thickness of the film are viscosity and spin speed.
The bilayers and wash steps can be performed in many different ways including dip coating, spin-coating, spray-coating, flow based techniques and electro-magnetic techniques. [1] The preparation method distinctly impacts the properties of the resultant films, allowing various applications to be realized. [ 1 ]
Ceramic shell casting techniques using silica, zirconia and other refractory materials are currently used by the metal parts industry for 'net casting', forming precision shell moulds for molten metal casting. The technique involves a successive wet dipping and dry powder coating or stucco to build up the mould shell layer.