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The authors emphasized that the findings reflect a problem that affects all of science and not just psychology, and that there is room to improve reproducibility in psychology. In 2021, the project showed that of 193 experiments from 53 top papers about cancer published between 2010 and 2012, only 50 experiments from 23 papers could be replicated.
Open science is the movement to make scientific research (including publications, data, physical samples, and software) and its dissemination accessible to all levels of society, amateur or professional. [2] [3] Open science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks. [4]
The Center for Open Science is a non-profit technology organization based in Charlottesville, Virginia with a mission to "increase the openness, integrity, and reproducibility of scientific research." [1] Brian Nosek and Jeffrey Spies founded the organization in January 2013, funded mainly by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation and others. [2]
A 2015 study of 100 psychology papers conducted by Open Science Collaboration has been confronted with the "lack of a single accepted definition" which "opened the door to controversy about their methodological approach and conclusions" and made it necessary to fall back on "subjective assessments" of result reproducibility.
In 2015, their results were published in Science, and found that only 36 out of the 100 replications showed statistically significant results, compared with 97 of the 100 original experiments. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In 2014 Nosek was guest-editor of a special issue of the journal Social Psychology dedicated to the publication of preregistered replications.
In 2018, Heidi Laine underlines that established codes of conduct have not yet taken this decisive step: "The one aspect where even the European code falls short of a full recognition of open science is in crossing the traditional professional borders of the research community, i.e. citizen science, open collaboration and science communication."
The OSG is used by scientists and researchers for data analysis tasks which are too computationally intensive for a single data center or supercomputer.While most of the grid's resources are used for particle physics, research teams from disciplines like biology, chemistry, astronomy, and geographic information systems are currently using the grid to analyze data.
Projects that provide open data but don't offer open collaboration are referred to as "open access" rather than open research. Providing open data is a necessary but not sufficient condition for open research, because although the data may be used by anyone, there is no requirement for subsequent research to take place openly .