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Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl 2.It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour.Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s, [5] but is occasionally also used as a solvent.
Thionyl chloride, SOCl 2, is a common reagent used in organic synthesis to convert carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides. In organic chemistry , the thionyl group is known as a sulfoxide group or sulfinyl group, and has the general structure RS(=O)R'.
Mercuric chloride: amphetamine, methamphetamine methyl 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-oxobutanoate MDMA: N-Methylformamide: amphetamine, methamphetamine Organomagnesium halides (Grignard reagents) (e.g. ethylmagnesium bromide and phenylmagnesium bromide) phencyclidine ortho-Toluidine: methaqualone: 2-Phenylethyl bromide: fentanyl ...
Key applications of thionyl chloride also include the pharmaceutical, pesticide, dye, and organic synthesis industries, among others. Thionyl chloride's versatile nature allows it to serve as an acylation agent and a dehydrating agent in various chemical reactions, making it indispensable in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, dyes, and reagents.
Thionyl chloride first reacts with the alcohol to form an alkyl chloro sulfite, actually forming an intimate ion pair. The second step is the loss of a sulfur dioxide molecule and its replacement by the chloride, which was attached to the sulphite group.
Darzens halogenation is the chemical synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols via the treatment upon reflux of a large excess of thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide (SOX 2) in the presence of a small amount of a nitrogen base, such as a tertiary amine or pyridine or its corresponding hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt.
Thionyl chloride [11] is a well-suited reagent as the by-products (HCl, SO 2) are gases and residual thionyl chloride can be easily removed as a result of its low boiling point (76 °C). Phosphorus chlorides
Alkenes react with hydrogen chloride (HCl) to give alkyl chlorides. For example, the industrial production of chloroethane proceeds by the reaction of ethylene with HCl: H 2 C=CH 2 + HCl → CH 3 CH 2 Cl. In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 ...