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Taxation in medieval England was the system of raising money for royal and governmental expenses. During the Anglo-Saxon period , the main forms of taxation were land taxes, although custom duties and fees to mint coins were also imposed.
Carucage [a] was a medieval English land tax enacted by King Richard I in 1194, based on the size—variously calculated—of the taxpayer's estate. It was a replacement for the danegeld , last imposed in 1162, which had become difficult to collect because of an increasing number of exemptions.
Similarly, a glass tax was introduced in 1825 and remained in place until 1845. [13] A similar tax also existed in France from 1798 to 1926. There was a strong agitation in England in favour of the abolition of the tax during the winter of 1850–51, and it was accordingly repealed on 24 July 1851, and a tax on inhabited houses substituted. [14]
Under medieval conditions, the collection of a general property tax presented serious difficulties in that, unsurprisingly, each local and borough authority tried to keep assessments as low as possible. England in the 14th century was not ripe for a system that was found hard to make effective even in more advanced societies.
The Friend of the People; & his Petty New Tax Gatherer paying John Bull a visit (1806), James Gillray. The history of taxation in the United Kingdom includes the history of all collections by governments under law, in money or in kind, including collections by monarchs and lesser feudal lords, levied on persons or property subject to the government, with the primary purpose of raising revenue.
Muragh or murage was a medieval tax levied in Britain and Ireland for the construction or maintenance of town walls. The term derived from Old French , ultimately from Latin murus meaning a wall. Muragh, also referred to as murage, was generally a term used for the tax meant for the repairs of the defensive walls that enclosed towns in ...
A hearth tax was a property tax in certain countries during the medieval and early modern period, levied on each hearth, thus by proxy on wealth. It was calculated based on the number of hearths , or fireplaces , within a municipal area and is considered among the first types of progressive tax .
At the same time Henry III of England had introduced the practice of consulting with leading nobles on tax issues, leading to the system of the English parliament agreeing on new taxes when required. In 1275, the "Great and Ancient Custom" began to tax woollen products and hides, with the Great Charter of 1303 imposing additional levies on ...