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A detailed radiographic examination of the axial and appendicular skeleton is invaluable for the differential diagnosis of Pseudoachondroplasia. Coxa vara (reduced neck shaft angle), broad femoral necks, short femurs and humeri, and bullet-shaped vertebrae are noticeable radiographic features.
Pancake vertebra; Panda sign; Pauwel's angle; Pawnbroker's sign; Pearshaped bladder; Pedicle sign; Pencil Pointing; Pencil-in-cup sign; Peribronchial cuffing; Pericardial fat pad sign; Perkin's line; Phantom calyx sign; Picket fence appearance; Picture framing (radiology) Pie-in-the-sky sign; Piece of Pie sign; Playboy sign; Pneumatosis ...
Hemivertebrae are wedge-shaped vertebrae and therefore can cause an angle in the spine (such as kyphosis, scoliosis, and lordosis). Among the congenital vertebral anomalies, hemivertebrae are the most likely to cause neurologic problems. [5] The most common location is the midthoracic vertebrae, especially the eighth (T8). [6]
Codfish vertebra refers to the biconcave appearance of the vertebra in sagittal radiographs due to pathological changes, such as demineralisation. [1] [2] [3] Codfish appearance of the vertebra is seen in several conditions such as osteoporosis, steroid or heparin therapy, Cushing syndrome, idiopathic, sickle cell disease, leukemia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and homo-cystinuria. [4]
Codfish vertebra; Coffee bean sign; Colon cut-off sign; Comet tail sign (CT thorax) Cœur en sabot; Crazy paving (medicine) Cupola sign; List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions
In the spine, there is bone formation along the anterior longitudinal ligament and sometimes the posterior longitudinal ligament, which may lead to partial or complete fusion of adjacent vertebrae. The facet and sacroiliac joints tend to be uninvolved. The thoracic spine is the most common level involved. [2]
[1] [2] The anterior erosion in particular causes a loss of anterior vertebral body concavity, causing the vertebra to display a squared contour or even a barrel-shape. [1] Healing of the erosion results in a sclerotic increase in density causing what is known as a shiny corner sign, [1] [3] which can later result in syndesmophyte formation. [4]
The individual virus particles (virions) of rhabdoviruses are composed of RNA, protein, carbohydrate and lipid. They have complex bacilliform or bullet-like shapes. All these viruses have structural similarities and have been classified as a single family. [7] The virions are about 75 nm wide and 180 nm long. [2]