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Viscosity [3] 6.285 mPa·s: at −50 °C 4.656 mPa·s: at −40 °C ... Vapor–liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including azeotrope)
Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n centiStokes. For gas, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 10 to 20 microPascal-seconds, or 0.01 to 0.02 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 0.5 to 5 kg/m^3.
Here dynamic viscosity is denoted by ... Ethanol: C 2 H 6 O 0.00201 1614 0.00618 ... Data Book on the Viscosity of Liquids. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
The proportionality factor is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, often simply referred to as the viscosity. It is denoted by the Greek letter mu ( μ ). The dynamic viscosity has the dimensions ( m a s s / l e n g t h ) / t i m e {\displaystyle \mathrm {(mass/length)/time} } , therefore resulting in the SI units and the derived units :
The dilute gas viscosity contribution to the total viscosity of a fluid will only be important when predicting the viscosity of vapors at low pressures or the viscosity of dense fluids at high temperatures. The viscosity model for dilute gas, that is shown above, is widely used throughout the industry and applied science communities.
Volume viscosity (also called bulk viscosity, or second viscosity or, dilatational viscosity) is a material property relevant for characterizing fluid flow. Common symbols are ζ , μ ′ , μ b , κ {\displaystyle \zeta ,\mu ',\mu _{\mathrm {b} },\kappa } or ξ {\displaystyle \xi } .
The Ohnesorge number for a 3 mm diameter rain drop is typically ~0.002. Larger Ohnesorge numbers indicate a greater influence of the viscosity. This is often used to relate to free surface fluid dynamics such as dispersion of liquids in gases and in spray technology. [3] [4]
where is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid, is a characteristic velocity and is the surface tension or interfacial tension between the two fluid phases. Being a dimensionless quantity, the capillary number's value does not depend on the system of units.