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Philistine pottery beer jug. Beer is one of the oldest human-produced drinks. The written history of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia records the use of beer, and the drink has spread throughout the world; a 3,900-year-old Sumerian poem honouring Ninkasi, the patron goddess of brewing, contains the oldest surviving beer-recipe, describing the production of beer from barley bread, and in China ...
[8] [9] This is approximately the time when barley beer and grape wine were beginning to be made in the Middle East. Evidence of alcoholic beverages has also been found dating from 5400 to 5000 BC in Hajji Firuz Tepe in Iran, [ 10 ] 3150 BC in ancient Egypt , [ 11 ] 3000 BC in Babylon , [ 12 ] 2000 BC in pre-Hispanic Mexico [ 12 ] and 1500 BC ...
Old English: Beore 'beer'. In early forms of English and in the Scandinavian languages, the usual word for beer was the word whose Modern English form is ale. [1] The modern word beer comes into present-day English from Old English bēor, itself from Common Germanic, it is found throughout the West Germanic and North Germanic dialects (modern Dutch and German bier, Old Norse bjórr).
It was first made available in the UK in 1990. [16] Guinness Special Export Stout, Commissioned by John Martin of Belgium in 1912. [58] The first variety of Guinness to be pasteurised, in 1930. [59] 8% ABV. Guinness Bitter, an English-style bitter beer: 4.4% ABV. Guinness Extra Smooth, a smoother stout sold in Ghana, Cameroon and Nigeria: 5.5% ABV.
Beer has been brewed in England for thousands of years. As a beer brewing country, it is known for top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation. English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.
The first tax on beer in the United Kingdom was the Saladin tithe, introduced in 1188 by Henry II to raise money for the crusades [6] 982 ha (2,430 acres) of hops were grown in 2014, [ 7 ] down from a peak of 31,161 ha (77,000 acres) in 1878. [ 7 ]
Historically, beer has been the most popular choice of drink in Britain, but since the 1960s and more prominently the 1980s wine consumption has mostly taken up beer's previous market domination within the UK. In 2018, beer consumption once again became the most consumed type of alcohol within the UK with 8.5 billion pints sold in the year ...
Today, there are over 4,000 craft breweries in the United States [53] and the craft beer industry employs over 100,000 individuals brewing 15.6 million barrels of beer per year. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] According to an article by the Associated Press, published in 2016, craft beer is a $22 billion industry in the United States and sales were up 13% year ...