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The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) [1] or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Prior to their independence, they existed as Union Republics, which were the top-level constituents of the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union had the longest borders of any contemporary country, extending approx. 60,000 km (37,000 mi). [1] [2] They measured some 10,000 kilometers (6,213.7 mi) from Kaliningrad on Gdańsk Bay in the west to Ratmanova Island (Big Diomede Island) in the Bering Strait - the rough equivalent of the distance from Edinburgh, Scotland, westwards to Nome, Alaska.
Image:BlankEurope.png – A large map of Europe. 1236x1245px 44.18 KB. Image:BlankMap-Europe.png – Europe as far east as western Russia, western Turkey, and Cyprus. Some of the world's smallest states (e.g., Monaco, Vatican City) appear as single pixels. Includes the former eastern Soviet republics. 450 x 422 pixels, 9 812 bytes.
The Eastern Bloc was often called the "Second World", whereas the term "First World" referred to the Western Bloc and "Third World" referred to the non-aligned countries that were mainly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America but notably also included former pre-1948 Soviet ally Yugoslavia, which was located in Europe.
The Soviet Union was the world's second largest producer of harmful emissions. In 1988, total emissions in the Soviet Union were about 79% of those in the United States. But since the Soviet GNP was only 54% of that of the United States, this means that the Soviet Union generated 1.5 times more pollution than the United States per unit of GNP. [20]
President Bush declared that US–Soviet cooperation during the 1990–1991 Gulf War had laid the groundwork for a partnership in resolving bilateral and world problems. As the Soviet Union rapidly withdrew its forces from Central and Southeast Europe, the spillover from the 1989 upheavals began reverberating throughout the Soviet Union itself.
Soviet satellite states — the Communist satellite states of the Soviet Union The Soviet states were primarily part of the Soviet Eastern Bloc in Eastern Europe ; and in Central Asia . See also the categories Former socialist republics and Soviet republics
In 1991, COMECON, the Warsaw Pact, and the Soviet Union were dissolved. Many European nations that had been part of the Soviet Union declared or regained their independence (Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, as well as the Baltic States of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia). Czechoslovakia peacefully separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993.