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Male voles are territorial and tend to include territories of several female voles when possible. Under these conditions polygyny exists and males offer little parental care. [ 22 ] Males mark and aggressively defend their territories since females prefer males with the most recent marking in a given area.
The California vole (Microtus californicus) is a type of vole [2] which lives throughout much of California and part of southwestern Oregon. It is also known as the "California meadow mouse", a misnomer as this species is a vole, not a mouse. It averages 172 mm (6.8 in) in length although this length varies greatly between subspecies.
Eastern meadow voles are active year-round [8] [9] and day or night, with no clear 24-hour rhythm in many areas. [10] Most changes in activity are imposed by season, habitat, cover, temperature, and other factors. Eastern meadow voles have to eat frequently, and their active periods (every two to three hours) are associated with food digestion.
The biggest difference between moles and voles is how they inflict their damage. Damage From Moles Moles are meat-eaters, and their diet usually consists of insects, grubs, and earthworms.
A young female vole usually first conceives around 105 days but can conceive as early as 77 days. A female will develop a vaginal plug after copulation which lasts for three days. [4] Gestation lasts 20–24 days with 1–4 litters produced per year, each with 1–5 young. [4] When a vole's partner dies, it is replaced by an unrelated individual.
The bank vole lives for up to two years in the wild. [6] In captivity this can increase to over 42 months, with the older voles tending to spend most time resting, less physically agile, though still capable of having a spin on the wheel. Male bank voles exhibit inbreeding avoidance behavior, finding nonsibling females more attractive than ...
Unlike other voles, prairie voles are generally monogamous. The prairie vole is a notable animal model for studying monogamous behavior and social bonding because male and female partners form lifelong pair bonds, huddle and groom each other, share nesting and pup-raising responsibilities, and generally show a high level of affiliate behavior ...
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