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Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
The mode of reproduction of a crop determines its genetic composition, which, in turn, is the deciding factor to develop suitable breeding and selection methods. Knowledge of mode of reproduction is also essential for its artificial manipulation to breed improved types.
The existence of limits in artificial selection experiments was discussed in the scientific literature in the 1940s or earlier. [1] The most obvious possible cause of reaching a limit (or plateau) when a population is under continued directional selection is that all of the additive-genetic variation (see additive genetic effects) related to that trait gets "used up" or fixed. [2]
Line breeding is differentiated from inbreeding by excluding pairings between parents and offspring, and between full siblings. Outcrossing is the planned breeding between two unrelated dogs, used to increase genetic diversity in a breed and decrease genetic issues or abnormalities inherited from line breeding or inbreeding.
Mouse from the Garland selection experiment with attached running wheel and its rotation counter. In 1993, Theodore Garland, Jr. and colleagues started a long-term experiment that involves selective breeding of mice for high voluntary activity levels on running wheels. [44] This experiment also continues to this day (> 105 generations). Mice ...
Artificial Selection and Selective Breeding are distinguished both by process and outcome. Artificial Selection is a process by which humans or other organisms, through a process of elimination or reproductive restriction, select which members of a population of organisms will reproduce. This process differs from Natural Selection in that the individuals selected to survive and reproduce do ...
Artificial reproduction is the re-creation of life brought about by means other than natural ones. It is new life built by human plans and projects. Examples include artificial selection, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, artificial womb, artificial cloning, and kinematic replication.
Therefore, only those with the highest index score are selected for breeding via artificial selection. This method has advantages over other methods of artificial selection, such as tandem selection, in that you can select for traits simultaneously rather than sequentially. Thereby, no useful traits are being excluded from selection at any one ...