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  2. Lymph node metastasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_node_metastasis

    Lymph node metastasis is the spread of cancer cells into a lymph node.. Lymph node metastasis is different from malignant lymphoma.Lymphoma is a cancer of lymph node, rather than cancer in the lymph node, because lymphoma originates from the lymph node itself, instead of originating elsewhere (e.g., the breast or colon) and spreading to the lymph nodes.

  3. Supraclavicular lymph nodes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraclavicular_lymph_nodes

    The left supraclavicular nodes are the classical Virchow's node because they receive lymphatic drainage of most of the body (from the thoracic duct) and enters the venous circulation via the left subclavian vein. The metastasis may block the thoracic duct leading to regurgitation into the surrounding Virchow's nodes.

  4. TNM staging system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNM_staging_system

    N1: regional lymph node metastasis present; at some sites, tumor spread to closest or small number of regional lymph nodes; N2: tumor spread to an extent between N1 and N3 (N2 is not used at all sites) N3: tumor spread to more distant or numerous regional lymph nodes (N3 is not used at all sites) M: presence of distant metastasis. M0: no ...

  5. Lymphovascular invasion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphovascular_invasion

    Lymphovascular invasion, especially in carcinomas, usually precedes spread to the lymph nodes that drain the tissue in which the tumour arose. Conversely, cancers with lymph node spread (known as a lymph node metastases), usually have lymphovascular invasion. Lymph node metastases usually precede secondary tumours, i.e. distant metastases.

  6. Sentinel lymph node - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel_lymph_node

    The concept of the sentinel lymph node is important because of the advent of the sentinel lymph node biopsy technique, also known as a sentinel node procedure. This technique is used in the staging of certain types of cancer to see if they have spread to any lymph nodes, since lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic signs ...

  7. Cancer staging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging

    3D medical illustration depicting the TNM stages in breast cancer. Cancer staging can be divided into a clinical stage and a pathologic stage. In the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system, clinical stage and pathologic stage are denoted by a small "c" or "p" before the stage (e.g., cT3N1M0 or pT2N0).

  8. Sister Mary Joseph nodule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_Mary_Joseph_nodule

    In medicine, the Sister Mary Joseph nodule (sometimes Sister Mary Joseph node or Sister Mary Joseph sign) refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus as a result of metastasis of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen. [1] Sister Mary Joseph nodules can be painful to palpation. [2]

  9. Lymph node - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymph_node

    Lymph node enlargement may be localized to an area, which might suggest a local source of infection or a tumour in that area that has spread to the lymph node. [27] It may also be generalized, which might suggest infection, connective tissue or autoimmune disease, or a malignancy of blood cells such as a lymphoma or leukemia. [27]