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Ashlar masonry. Stone masonry using dressed (cut) stones is known as ashlar masonry. [4] Trabeated systems. One of the oldest forms of stone construction uses a lintel (beam) laid across stone posts or columns. This method predates Stonehenge, and refined versions were used by the Egyptians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans. [4] Arch masonry.
Short forms, up to 60 cm high, are placed on both sides of the wall to serve as a guide for the stone work. The stones are placed inside the forms with the good faces against the form work. Concrete is poured in behind the rocks. Rebar is added for strength, to make a wall that is approximately half reinforced concrete and half stonework. The ...
True polygonal masonry is a technique wherein the visible surfaces of the stones are dressed with straight sides or joints, giving the block the appearance of a polygon. [ 1 ] This technique is found throughout the world and sometimes corresponds to the less technical category of Cyclopean masonry .
The common materials of masonry construction are bricks and building stone, rocks such as marble, granite, and limestone, cast stone, concrete blocks, glass blocks, and adobe. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are ...
Although it is also uncommon, galleting has been used in brick masonry construction, where sandstone spalls are generally used over flint ones. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] More eclectic materials used as gallets include brick, tile, beach pebbles, glass, and oyster shells. [ 8 ]
The association conducts various classes. Some programs include Masonry Foreman Development, Basic Masonry Estimating, Masonry Quality Institute, and other topics such as Masonry Wall Bracing and Understanding Masonry Codes and Standards. The MCAA provides information on careers in masonry to students, parents and high schools.
The term is frequently used to describe the dressed stone work of prehistoric Greece and Crete, although the dressed blocks are usually much larger than modern ashlar. For example, the tholos tombs of Bronze Age Mycenae use ashlar masonry in the construction of the so-called "beehive" dome.
In Belize, the Mayan ruins at Lubaantun illustrate use of dry stone construction in architecture of the 8th and 9th centuries AD. [10] Great Zimbabwe in Zimbabwe, Africa, is an acropolis-like large city complex constructed in dry stone from the 11th to the 15th centuries AD. [11] It is the largest of structures of similar construction ...