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Osteomyelitis; Other names: Bone infection: Osteomyelitis of the 1st toe: Specialty: Infectious disease, orthopedics: Symptoms: Pain in a specific bone, overlying redness, fever, weakness [1] Complications: Amputation [2] Usual onset: Young or old [1] Duration: Short or long term [2] Causes: Bacterial, fungal [2] Risk factors
Antibiotics are used to treat cases involving infections. Penicillin is the first line of choice, although if this is contraindicated commonly used antimicrobials are: clindamycin, fluoroquinolones and/or metronidazole. Intravenous antibiotics may be used if the infection resists oral treatment.
Historically, osteomyelitis of the jaws was a common complication of odontogenic infection (infections of the teeth). Before the antibiotic era, it was frequently a fatal condition. [1] Former and colloquial names include Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ), cavitations, dry or wet socket, and NICO (Neuralgia-Inducing Cavitational osteonecrosis).
Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections, including osteomyelitis (bone) or joint infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, strep throat, pneumonia, acute otitis media (middle ear infections), and endocarditis. [5]
Antibiotic choice should be guided by deep tissue culture, severity of the infection, presence or absence of osteomyelitis, prior antibiotic treatment, and previous or current MRSA infection. [17] Wounds without confirmed infection should not be treated with antibiotics, nor should be sent for culture.
Flucloxacillin, also known as floxacillin, is an antibiotic used to treat skin infections, external ear infections, infections of leg ulcers, diabetic foot infections, and infection of bone. [6] It may be used together with other medications to treat pneumonia, and endocarditis. [6]
Discitis, or diskitis, is an infection in the intervertebral disc space that affects different age groups. Symptoms include severe back pain, leading to lack of mobility. In adults, it can lead to severe consequences, such as sepsis or epidural abscess, but it can also spontaneously resolve, especially in children under 8 years of age.
Due to the avascular nature of this bone, antibiotics which travel to sites of infection via the bloodstream poorly penetrate these tissues, hence the difficulty in treating chronic osteomyelitis. [citation needed] At the same time as this, new bone is forming (known as involucrum). Openings in this involucrum allow debris and exudates ...