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Treatment can include phlebotomy, aspirin, and myelosuppressive or cytoreductive medications based on risk stratification. [7] For secondary polycythemia, management involves addressing the underlying etiology of increased erythropoeitin production, such as smoking cessation, CPAP for sleep apnea, or removing any EPO-producing tumours. [6]
In oncology, polycythemia vera (PV) is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. [1] The majority of cases [2] are caused by mutations in the JAK2 gene, most commonly resulting in a single amino acid change in its protein product from valine to phenylalanine at position 617.
[3] [6] Ropeginterferon alfa-2b is the first medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat polycythemia vera that people can take regardless of their treatment history, and the first interferon therapy specifically approved for polycythemia vera. [3] The FDA considers it to be a first-in-class medication. [7]
Polycythemia can make the blood thicker than normal and therefore lead to complications. Partial exchange transfusion has been used as a treatment to prevent complications, and has been shown to improve cerebral blood flow, [10] but there is no evidence that it prevents long-term complications. [8]
The most common therapies for secondary polycythemia are phlebotomies [9] and, for paraganglioma and/or somatostatinoma in this cohort of patients, surgery accompanied by antihypertensive medication. [1] HIF-2α inhibitor belzutifan led to substantial improvement of symptoms in a patient with Pacak–Zhuang syndrome. [10]
No matter what's behind kidney disease in any individual, there are multiple treatment options available - though CKD has no cure. "The treatments we have are meant to help manage symptoms, slow ...
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