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Secondary polycythemia is the most common cause of polycythemia. It occurs in reaction to chronically low oxygen levels , medications, other genetic mutations that impact the body's ability to transport or detect oxygen, or, rarely because of certain cancers.
In oncology, polycythemia vera (PV) is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. [1] The majority of cases [2] are caused by mutations in the JAK2 gene, most commonly resulting in a single amino acid change in its protein product from valine to phenylalanine at position 617.
289.82 Secondary hypercoagulable state; 289.83 Myelofibrosis; 289.84 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; 289.89 Other specified diseases of blood and blood-forming organs; 289.9 Unspecified diseases of blood and blood-forming organs
Microcytic anaemia; Microcytosis is the presence of red cells that are smaller than normal. Normal adult red cell has a diameter of 7.2 µm. Microcytes are common seen in with hypochromia in iron-deficiency anaemia, thalassaemia trait, congenital sideroblastic anaemia and sometimes in anaemia of chronic diseases.
Erythrocytosis (increase in the number of red blood cells) Leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells) Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of platelets) Myeloproliferative disorder; Transient myeloproliferative disease; Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation) Thrombocytosis; Recurrent thrombosis
Megaloblastic anemias represent a type of macrocytic anemia characterized by certain morphologic abnormalities noted on a peripheral blood smear examination. These abnormalities include the presence of enlarged oval shaped red blood cells (macroovalocytes) and hypersegmented neutrophils (defined as a neutrophil with six or more lobes). [1]
Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or erythroblastosis fetalis, [1] [2] is an alloimmune condition that develops in a fetus at or around birth, when the IgG molecules (one of the five main types of antibodies) produced by the mother pass through the placenta.
Pinocytosis, also known as cell drinking, is the absorption of small aqueous particles along with the membrane receptors that recognize them.It is an example of fluid phase endocytosis and is usually a continuous process within the cell.