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The current Constitution of Mongolia (Mongolian: Монгол Улсын Үндсэн Хууль, romanized: Mongol Ulsyn Ündsen Khuuli, lit. ' Fundamental Law of Mongolia ' ) was adopted on 13 January 1992, put into force on 12 February, with amendments made in 1999, 2000, 2019 [ 2 ] and 2023. [ 3 ]
The first constitution was passed by the First National Great Hural on November 26, 1924. [1] It abolished the monarchical system under Buddhist theocracy and established a people's republic, described the legislative consolidation of state power, provided a basic statement of socioeconomic and political rights and freedoms for the people, and espoused a national program that would bypass the ...
The 1924 constitution founded the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR), and its capital was renamed Ulaanbaatar (meaning "red hero"). [1] Map of the MPR in 1925. As in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, Mongolian politics went through several abrupt changes of direction in the 1920s and 1930s. The initial nationalist leadership of the MPRP ...
Judicial power is independent of the executive and legislature, as guaranteed by the Constitution. Mongolia held its first democratic elections in 1990, following a peaceful 1990 revolution. [5] [6] From 1921 to 1990, Mongolia was a communist single-party state under the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. [7]
The Mongolian People's Party won the 2016 elections with a supermajority, claiming 65 of 76 total seats. In November 2018 Prime Minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh survived a vote of no confidence in the wake of a 2018 scandal involving the fraudulent allocation of the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Fund.
The Constitutional Court of Mongolia is the highest court in Mongolia with the function of exercising supreme control over the implementation of the Constitution, issuing conclusions on violations of its provisions, and strictly enforcing the implementation of the Constitution.
Executive action in Mongolia is also bound by international conventions to which it is a signatory. This is stipulated in Article 10(3) of the Mongolian Constitution. 160 out of the 373 laws in force in Mongolia included provisions stating that should they conflict with international treaties, the treaties will take precedence. [20]
[10] According to Article 33.1.8 of the Constitution, the Mongolian president has the prerogative "to grant pardon." [11] Some academics and critics considered that it is too early and wrong to abolish death penalty in Mongolia, [12] explaining that murder crimes are becoming too brutal and severe since the death penalty would not be ...