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Muscle atrophy leads to muscle weakness and causes disability. Disuse causes rapid muscle atrophy and often occurs during injury or illness that requires immobilization of a limb or bed rest. Depending on the duration of disuse and the health of the individual, this may be fully reversed with activity.
In the context of a positive Hoover's sign, functional weakness (or "conversion disorder") is much more likely than malingering or factitious disorder. [3] Strong hip muscles can make the test difficult to interpret. [4] Efforts have been made to use the theory behind the sign to report a quantitative result. [5]
Muscle weakness can also be classified as either "proximal" or "distal" based on the location of the muscles that it affects. Proximal muscle weakness affects muscles closest to the body's midline, while distal muscle weakness affects muscles further out on the limbs. Proximal muscle weakness can be seen in Cushing's syndrome [18] and ...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the nervous system that can lead to muscle weakness, vision loss, and paralysis. It occurs when the immune system attacks the myelin sheath that ...
Muscle contractures can occur for many reasons, such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, and forms of muscular dystrophy. Fundamentally, the muscle and its tendons shorten, resulting in reduced flexibility. Various interventions can slow, stop, or even reverse muscle contractures, ranging from physical therapy to surgery.
Gowers's sign is a medical sign that indicates weakness of the proximal muscles, namely those of the lower limb. The sign describes a patient that has to use their hands and arms to "walk" up their own body from a squatting position due to lack of hip and thigh muscle strength. It is named after William Richard Gowers. [1] [2]
Muscle weakness affecting an arm, leg or the diaphragm Twitching of the muscles in the arms, legs, shoulders or tongue Cramping of the muscles in the hands, feet or limbs
A positive Trendelenburg's sign is caused by weakness or ineffective action of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, the gluteus medius muscle and the gluteus minimus muscle. [2] Damage to the motor nerve supply of the lateral gluteal muscles (gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle)