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The order of the power series f is defined to be the least value such that there is a α ≠ 0 with = | | = + + +, or if f ≡ 0. In particular, for a power series f(x) in a single variable x, the order of f is the smallest power of x with a nonzero coefficient.
A formal power series can be loosely thought of as an object that is like a polynomial, but with infinitely many terms.Alternatively, for those familiar with power series (or Taylor series), one may think of a formal power series as a power series in which we ignore questions of convergence by not assuming that the variable X denotes any numerical value (not even an unknown value).
f is continuous at any one point (Rudin, 1976, chapter 8, exercise 6). f is increasing on any interval. For the uniqueness, one must impose some regularity condition, since other functions satisfying f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) f ( y ) {\displaystyle f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)} can be constructed using a basis for the real numbers over the rationals , as ...
In mathematics, the Bell series is a formal power series used to study properties of arithmetical functions. Bell series were introduced and developed by Eric Temple Bell . Given an arithmetic function f {\displaystyle f} and a prime p {\displaystyle p} , define the formal power series f p ( x ) {\displaystyle f_{p}(x)} , called the Bell series ...
Each type of convergence corresponds to a different metric for the space of functions that are added together in the series, and thus a different type of limit. The Weierstrass M-test is a useful result in studying convergence of function series.
Probability generating functions are often employed for their succinct description of the sequence of probabilities Pr(X = i) in the probability mass function for a random variable X, and to make available the well-developed theory of power series with non-negative coefficients.
As well, normal convergence of a series is different from norm-topology convergence, i.e. convergence of the partial sum sequence in the topology induced by the uniform norm. Normal convergence implies norm-topology convergence if and only if the space of functions under consideration is complete with respect to the uniform norm. (The converse ...
Faà di Bruno's formula gives coefficients of the composition of two formal power series in terms of the coefficients of those two series. Equivalently, it is a formula for the nth derivative of a composite function. Lagrange reversion theorem for another theorem sometimes called the inversion theorem; Formal power series#The Lagrange inversion ...