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On 16 March 2020, it was announced that Pope Francis signed a new motu proprio into law on March 13, 2020 which reforms the Vatican's judicial system. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] The motu proprio , titled Law CCCLI, updates the laws governing the Vatican's judiciary system and also replaced the previous judicial system which was founded in 1987.
The relations between the Catholic Church and the state have been constantly evolving with various forms of government, some of them controversial in retrospect. In its history, the Church has had to deal with various concepts and systems of governance, from the Roman Empire to the medieval divine right of kings, from nineteenth- and twentieth-century concepts of democracy and pluralism to the ...
Francis's naming of himself after Francis of Assisi was an early indication of how he shared Francis's care for all of creation. This was followed in May 2015 with his major encyclical on the environment, Laudato si' ( Praise be to you ). [ 363 ]
Nevertheless, the Fascist government and the pope were in open disagreement over the restriction of youth activities; this culminated in a strong papal letter (Non abbiamo bisogno, 1931), arguing the impossibility of being at once a Fascist and a Catholic. Relations between Mussolini and the Holy See were cool ever after.
The Pope also expressed in the same statement the view that scientific explanations such as the Big Bang and evolution in fact require God's creation: [God] created beings and allowed them to develop according to the internal laws that he gave to each one, so that they were able to develop and to arrive at their fullness of being.
The Pope, claiming dominium mundi, struggled to maintain control over his capital. The situation escalated when, in 1157, at the Diet of Besançon, where the Pope's legate, Orlando Bandinelli (later Pope Alexander III), stated that "Rome is so well disposed towards Frederick that it would grant him even greater beneficia".
Catholic thinkers believed that government authority was to be limited by natural and customary laws, as well as independent institutions such as the Church. [2] Even papal authority should be balanced by the secular nobility (episcopalism) and the Church hierarchy (election of the Pope by the conclave, and the conciliar movement).
The last statement went viral [220] [221] [222] and became the title of the book With the Smell of the Sheep: Pope Francis Speaks to Priests, Bishops, and Other Shepherds in which by "warning against the sins of 'self-referentiality', clericalism, careerism, and worldliness, [Francis] stresses the importance of mercy." [223] [224]