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X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of X-ray beams due to interactions with the electrons around atoms. It occurs due to elastic scattering, when there is no change in the energy of the waves. The resulting map of the directions of the X-rays far from the sample is called ...
Laue equations. In crystallography and solid state physics, the Laue equations relate incoming waves to outgoing waves in the process of elastic scattering, where the photon energy or light temporal frequency does not change upon scattering by a crystal lattice. They are named after physicist Max von Laue (1879–1960).
Bragg's law. Physical law regarding scattering angles of radiation through a medium. In many areas of science, Bragg's law, Wulff –Bragg's condition, or Laue–Bragg interference are a special case of Laue diffraction, giving the angles for coherent scattering of waves from a large crystal lattice. It describes how the superposition of wave ...
The dynamical theory of diffraction considers the wave field in the periodic potential of the crystal and takes into account all multiple scattering effects. Unlike the kinematic theory of diffraction which describes the approximate position of Bragg or Laue diffraction peaks in reciprocal space, dynamical theory corrects for refraction, shape ...
Max von Laue c. 1914. From 1914 to 1919, Laue was at the University of Frankfurt as ordinarius professor of theoretical physics. He was engaged in vacuum tube development, at the University of Würzburg, for use in military telephony and wireless communications from 1916. [8][9][10][11] He was called to the University of Berlin as ordinarius ...
Characteristic X-ray spectroscopy. When an electron from the inner shell of an atom is excited by the energy of a photon, it moves to a higher energy level. When it returns to the low energy level, the energy it previously gained by excitation is emitted as a photon of one of the wavelengths uniquely characteristic of the element.
Bragg plane. In physics, a Bragg plane is a plane in reciprocal space which bisects a reciprocal lattice vector, , at right angles. [1] The Bragg plane is defined as part of the Von Laue condition for diffraction peaks in x-ray diffraction crystallography. Considering the adjacent diagram, the arriving x-ray plane wave is defined by:
The sample of the desired surface crystallographic orientation is initially cut and prepared outside the vacuum chamber. The correct alignment of the crystal can be achieved with the help of X-ray diffraction methods such as Laue diffraction. [10] After being mounted in the UHV chamber the sample is cleaned and flattened.