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  2. Middle High German - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_High_German

    Manuscript page from Rolandslied, written in Middle High German in the 12th century. Middle High German (MHG; endonym: diutsch or tiutsch; New High German: Mittelhochdeutsch [ˈmɪtl̩hoːxˌdɔʏtʃ] ⓘ, shortened as Mhdt. or Mhd.) is the term for the form of High German spoken in the High Middle Ages. It is conventionally dated between 1050 ...

  3. Old High German - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_High_German

    Old High German (OHG; German: Althochdeutsch (Ahdt., Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally identified as the period from around 500/750 to 1050. Rather than representing a single supra-regional form of German, Old High German encompasses the numerous West Germanic dialects that had undergone the set of consonantal ...

  4. Germanic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_languages

    The split of the Class II weak verb ending *-ō-into *-ō-/-ōja-(cf. Old English -ian < -ōjan, but Old High German -ōn). Development of a plural ending *-ōs in a-stem nouns (note, Gothic also has -ōs , but this is an independent development, caused by terminal devoicing of *-ōz ; Old Frisian has -ar , which is thought to be a late ...

  5. High German languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_German_languages

    The High German languages (German: hochdeutsche Mundarten, i.e. High German dialects), or simply High German (Hochdeutsch [ˈhoːxˌdɔɪ̯t͡ʃ] ⓘ) – not to be confused with Standard High German which is commonly also called "High German" – comprise the varieties of German spoken south of the Benrath and Uerdingen isoglosses in central and southern Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein ...

  6. List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Germanic_and...

    This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic—in most cases these words are not cognates, but in some cases they are doublets, i.e., ultimately derived from the same root, generally Proto-Indo-European, as in cow and beef, both ultimately from PIE *gʷōus.

  7. West Germanic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germanic_languages

    During the Early Middle Ages, the West Germanic languages were separated by the insular development of Old and Middle English on one hand, and by the High German consonant shift on the continent on the other. The High German consonant shift distinguished the High German languages from the other West Germanic

  8. List of Germanic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Germanic_languages

    English language Old EnglishMiddle English† (significant influx of words from Old French) Early Modern English† Modern English. British English (English English, including Northern English, East Midlands English, West Midlands English, Southern English, and others, Welsh English, Scottish English) and Irish English

  9. Changes to Old English vocabulary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changes_to_Old_English...

    Old English had the word butorflēoge (of dubious origin, although the ultimately Greek word "butter" is the first element) [1] as early as 1000 which overtook the Germanic fifalde. Compare with Old High German fîfaltarâ, German Falter, Old Saxon vivoldara, Southern Dutch vijfwouter, Old Norse fifrildi, Icelandic fiðrildi, Swedish fjäril.