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The term apologetics derives from the Ancient Greek word apologia (ἀπολογία). [1] In the Classical Greek legal system, the prosecution delivered the kategoria (κατηγορία), the accusation or charge, and the defendant replied with an apologia, the defence. [5] The apologia was a formal speech or explanation to reply to and rebut ...
In one version of the formal apology, Emperor Hirohito, the Japanese monarch, is reported to have said to General MacArthur: "I come before you to offer myself to the judgment of the powers you represent, as one to bear sole responsibility for every political and military decision made and action taken by my people in the conduct of the war."
Downey takes on a critical generic approach to the feasibility of apologia. Halford Ryan advocates that apologia should be understood as part of a pair with kategoria (κατηγορία), an accusatory speech that motivates apologia as a defensive response. Ryan argues that these should be treated as a single rhetorical speech set.
The glorification of war crimes and crimes against humanity are distinct offenses but both are prohibited by article 24, paragraph 5, of the law of July 29, 1881:
Apology, Plato's recording of Socrates' defense at trial; Apology, Xenophon's version of Socrates' defense; A Mathematician's Apology (1940), an essay by British mathematician G. H. Hardy
Pope John Paul II on 12 August 1993 in Denver (Colorado) Pope John Paul II made many apologies. During his long reign as Pope, he apologized to Jews, women, people convicted by the Inquisition,and almost everyone who had suffered at the hands of the Catholic Church over the years. [1]
When a group is at fault, such as a business, the effects of an apology might depend upon the person who makes the apology. For example, people will be more empathetic if an employee apologizes for a business error, but they may feel a better sense of justice if the head of the company makes the apology and offers compensation. [10]
The theory of image restoration builds upon theories of apologia and accounts. Apologia is a formal defense or justification of an individual's opinion, position, or actions, [ 3 ] and an account is a statement made by an individual or organization to explain unanticipated or transgressive events.