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Medieval architecture was the art and science of designing and constructing buildings in the Middle Ages. The major styles of the period included pre-Romanesque , Romanesque , and Gothic . In the fifteenth century, architects began to favour classical forms again, in the Renaissance style , marking the end of the medieval period.
The adjective "medieval" (or sometimes "mediaeval" [5] or "mediæval"), [6] meaning pertaining to the Middle Ages, derives from medium aevum. [5] Medieval writers divided history into periods such as the "Six Ages" or the "Four Empires" and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. [7]
The Middle Ages in art: a Pre-Raphaelite painting of a knight and a mythical seductress, the lamia (Lamia by John William Waterhouse, 1905). Medievalism is a system of belief and practice inspired by the Middle Ages of Europe, or by devotion to elements of that period, which have been expressed in areas such as architecture, literature, music, art, philosophy, scholarship, and various vehicles ...
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. [3] It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, [4] planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. [5]
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. The term "Romanesque" is usually used for the period from the 10th to the 12th century with " Pre-Romanesque " and " First Romanesque " being applied to earlier buildings with Romanesque characteristics.
Surviving examples of medieval secular architecture mainly served for defense across various parts of Europe. Castles and fortified walls provide the most notable remaining non-religious examples of medieval architecture. New types of civic, military, as well as religious buildings of new styles begin to pop up in this region during this period.
'When the Cathedrals were Painted') is a 1993 illustrated monograph on medieval architecture, mostly church architecture, and its building technology. Written by French art historian Alain Erlande-Brandenburg, and published by Éditions Gallimard as the 180th volume in their "Découvertes" collection.
The use of pendentives to support domes in the Aquitaine region, rather than the squinches more typical of western medieval architecture, strongly implies a Byzantine influence. [133] The oldest French pendentives are built in horizontal courses, rather than courses normal to the curve. This may have been done to better spread the weight of ...