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Belief and practice in magic in Islam is "widespread and pervasive" [1] and a "vital element of everyday life and practice", both historically and currently in Islamic culture. [2] While scholars generally agree that the Quranic term siḥr, (usually defined as magic) is forbidden in Islam, there is less agreement on how siḥr is defined. [3]
Shams al-Ma'arif or Shams al-Ma'arif wa Lata'if al-'Awarif [a] is a 13th-century grimoire centered on Arabic magic by Ahmad al-Buni. It is claimed to be a manual for achieving esoteric spirituality. The book is a patchwork of bits and pieces of Al-Buni's authentic works, and texts by other authors. [1]
Divination and magic in Islam encompass a wide range of practices, including black magic, warding off the evil eye, the production of amulets and other magical equipment, evocation, casting lots, and astrology. [18] Legitimacy of practising magic is disputed. Most Islamic traditions distinguish between good magic and black magic.
The story became subject of a theological dispute in Islam. Some Muslim theologians argue that angels could not commit sins and thus, reject the story of Harut and Marut. Depending on the reading of the Quran (Qira'at), Harut and Marut are depicted as "two kings" instead. These kings would have learned sorcery from the devils and then taught it ...
The Islamic reaction towards magic did not condemn magic in general and distinguished between magic which can heal sickness and possession, and sorcery. The former is therefore a special gift from God , while the latter is achieved through help of Jinn and devils .
Some beliefs, such as the belief in jinn and other aspects of Muslim occult culture, are rooted in the Quran and the culture of early Islamic cosmography. In the same way, shrine veneration and acceptance, and the promotion of saintly miracles, has intimate connections to structures of Islamic religious authority and piety in Islamic history. [3]
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Connotations of magic have varied from positive to negative at times throughout history, [20] Within Western culture, magic has been linked to ideas of the Other, [21] foreignness, [22] and primitivism; [23] indicating that it is "a powerful marker of cultural difference" [24] and likewise, a non-modern phenomenon. [25]
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