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Turner syndrome (TS), commonly known as 45,X, or 45,XO, [note 1] is a chromosomal disorder in which cells have only one X chromosome or are partially missing an X chromosome (sex chromosome monosomy) leading to the complete or partial deletion of the pseudoautosomal regions (PAR1, PAR2) in the affected X chromosome.
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is a form of congenital muscular dystrophy.There are two forms: UCMD1 and UCMD2. [4]UCMD1 is associated with variants of type VI collagen, while UCMD2 is associated with variants of type XII collagen.
It is a feature of Turner syndrome [1] (only found in girls) and Noonan syndrome, [2] as well as the rarer Klippel–Feil syndrome, [3] or Diamond–Blackfan anemia. [ 4 ] References
Turner syndrome is the only full monosomy that is seen in humans — all other cases of full monosomy are lethal and the individual will not survive development. Cri du chat syndrome – (French for "cry of the cat" after the persons' malformed larynx) a partial monosomy caused by a deletion of the end of the short arm of chromosome 5
Turner syndrome is a condition in females in which there is partial or complete loss of one X chromosome. This causes symptoms such as growth and sexual development problems. In 15% of Turner syndrome patients, the structural abnormality is isochromosome X, which is composed of two copies of the q arm (i(Xq)).
46, XX male syndrome, also known as de la Chapelle syndrome In this list, the karyotype is summarized by the number of chromosomes, followed by the sex chromosomes present in each cell. (In the second and third cases the karyotype varies from cell to cell, while in the last three cases, the genotype is normal but the phenotype is not.)
Associated syndrome(s) Trichoepithelioma: Brooke–Spiegler syndrome Rombo syndrome Rasmussen syndrome Brooke–Fordyce syndrome Bazex–Dupré–Christol syndrome: Cylindroma: Brooke–Spiegler syndrome Rasmussen syndrome: Psammomatous melanotic schwannoma: Carney complex: Sclerotic fibroma: Cowden syndrome: Trichilemmoma: Cowden syndrome
A lethal version [6] of this condition exists, known as Cowchock–Wapner–Kurtz syndrome, that, in addition to cystic hygroma, includes cleft palate and lymphedema, a condition of localized edema and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system.