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B) As a result of the antigenic binding, the T cells will release cytotoxins, which can be absorbed by the affected cell. C) These cytotoxins induce multiple proteases and result in apoptosis (or cell death). The lack of telomerase does not affect cell growth until the telomeres are short enough to cause cells to "die or undergo growth arrest".
Stem-loop or hairpin loop is the most common element of RNA secondary structure. [8] Stem-loop is formed when the RNA chains fold back on themselves to form a double helical tract called the 'stem', the unpaired nucleotides forms single stranded region called the 'loop'. A tetraloop is a four-base pairs hairpin
As neurulation proceeds after induction, the cells of the neural plate become high-columnar and can be identified through microscopy as different from the surrounding presumptive epithelial ectoderm (epiblastic endoderm in amniotes). The cells move laterally and away from the central axis and change into a truncated pyramid shape.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleic acids.
Specialized cells called the notochord (A) induces ectoderm above it to become the primitive nervous system. (B) Neural tube forms (C) Gives rise to the brain and spinal cord. (D) Neural crest cells will migrate to different regions throughout the embryo to initiate development of glia, pigments, and other neural structures.
The researchers found that, much like brain cells, these other types of cells responded to the chemical signals by switching on a gene associated with memory storage. ... and then fades away. But ...
The neural fold is a structure that arises during neurulation in the embryonic development of both birds and mammals among other organisms. [1] [2] This structure is associated with primary neurulation, meaning that it forms by the coming together of tissue layers, rather than a clustering, and subsequent hollowing out, of individual cells (known as secondary neurulation).
A 5' cap (also termed an RNA cap, an RNA 7-methylguanosine cap, or an RNA m 7 G cap) is a modified guanine nucleotide that has been added to the "front" or 5' end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription. The 5' cap consists of a terminal 7-methylguanosine residue that is linked through a 5'-5'-triphosphate bond to ...