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Not only were the hadith collections compiled centuries after the Quran, but their canonization also came much later. Scholar Jonathan A. C. Brown has studied the process of canonization of the two "most famous" collections of hadith -- sahihayn of al-Bukhari and Muslim—which went from "controversial to indispensable" over the centuries. [4]
The influential standard Quran of Cairo ("1342 Cairo text" using the Islamic calendar) is the Quran that was used throughout almost all the Muslim world until the Saudi Quran of 1985. [ citation needed ] The Egyptian edition is based on the " Ḥafṣ " version (" qira'at ") based on ʻAsim's recitation , the 8th-century recitation of Kufa.
The Birmingham Quran manuscript, an early Quran manuscript dated to the seventh century. Quranic studies is the academic study of the Quran , the central religious text of Islam . Like in biblical studies , the field uses and applies a diverse set of disciplines and methods, such as philology , textual criticism , lexicography , codicology ...
The Geschichte des Qorāns (History of the Quran) is a foundational German work of modern Quranic studies by Theodor Noldeke (1836–1930). Published originally in 1860, the work continued to be revised and expanded by Noldeke's students and successors between 1909 and 1938. [ 1 ]
Professor Shady Nasser of Harvard University is the author of books and papers on the canonization process of the Quran. Nasser has explored examples of prominent early scholars and grammarians who regarded some variants that were later considered canonical to be wrong (not just wrongly transmitted) or preferred some variants over others.
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In the Qatar Islamic Cultural Center in Doha, a copy of the Istanbul Quran is inscribed next to it for identification: "This large Quran is an image of the oldest Quran in existence, preserved in the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, dating back more than 1,400 years, and the image here was taken from the original book page by page to show that the ...
The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary is an English translation of the Qur'an by the British Indian Abdullah Yusuf Ali (1872–1953) during the British Raj.It has become among the most widely known English translations of the Qur'an, due in part to its prodigious use of footnotes, and its distribution and subsidization by Saudi Arabian beneficiaries during the late 20th century.