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David V. Herlihy Bicycle – The History. 2004; Hans-Erhard Lessing Automobilitaet – Karl Drais und die unglaublichen Anfaenge, 2003 (in German) Pryor Dodge The Bicycle 1996 (French ed 1996, German eds 1997, 2002, 2007) Taylor, Michael (2008). "The Bicycle Boom and the Bicycle Bloc: Cycling and Politics in the 1890s". Indiana Magazine of History.
1890s – Bike boom sweeps Europe and America with hundreds of bicycle manufacturers in the biggest bicycle craze to date; 1890 - The City and South London Railway (C&SLR) was the first deep-level underground "tube" railway in the world, [31] [note 1] and the first major railway to use electric traction; 1893 - Recumbent bicycles invented.
In the early 1860s the first true bicycle was created in Paris, France, by attaching rotary cranks and pedals to the front wheel hub of a dandy-horse. The Olivier brothers recognized the commercial potential of this invention, and set up a partnership with blacksmith and bicycle maker Pierre Michaux, using Michaux's name, already famous among enthusiasts of the new sport, for the company.
In its early days, cycling brought the sexes together in an unchaperoned way, particularly after the 1880s when cycling became more accessible owing to the invention of the Rover Safety bicycle. Public cries of alarm at the prospect of moral chaos arose from this and from the evolution of women’s cycling attire, which grew progressively less ...
Some historians who have studied the invention of the pedal-driven bicycle, including David V. Herlihy, state that Macmillan was not the first inventor.Herlihy states there is no contemporary documentary evidence that a pedal-crank design was applied to a 2-wheeled vehicle and that letters from customers in Scotland to the Michaux company in 1868 state that all of the human-powered vehicles ...
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In addition, the large wheel gave a smoother ride, [22] important before the invention of pneumatic tires. [23] An attribute of the penny-farthing is that the rider sits above the front axle. When the wheel strikes rocks and ruts, or under hard braking, the rider can be pitched forward off the bicycle head-first.
The term 'safety bicycle' was used in the 1880s for any alternative to the penny-farthing. The front and rear wheel were not necessarily the same size. [3] Later historians began to use the term in a more restricted way for the design that was a direct ancestor to most modern bicycles.