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Persian was displaced by Urdu in North India during the British colonial rule in India, though it remains in use in its native Iran (as Farsi), Afghanistan (as Dari) and Tajikistan (as Tajik). Urdu is currently the official language and lingua franca of Pakistan , and an officially recognized language for North Indian Muslims in the republic of ...
Thus many words in the list below, though originally from Persian, arrived in English through the intermediary of Ottoman Turkish language. Many Persian words also came into English through Urdu during British colonialism. Persian was the language of the Mughal court before British rule in India even though locals in North India spoke Hindustani.
from Hindi and Urdu: An acknowledged leader in a field, from the Mughal rulers of India like Akbar and Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal. Maharaja from Hindi and Sanskrit: A great king. Mantra from Hindi and Sanskrit: a word or phrase used in meditation. Masala from Urdu, to refer to flavoured spices of Indian origin.
The Silent vāv [1] (Persian: واو معدوله, romanized: Vāv-e Ma'dule; Urdu: واؤ معدولہ, romanized: Vā'o-i Ma'dūla) is an element of Persian and Urdu orthography resulting when a vāv is preceded by khe and often followed by an alef or ye, forming the combination of خوا or خوی, in which the vāv is silenced.
The following Persian features are hence shared by many Indic languages but vary in the manner described above, with Hindustani and particularly its register Urdu bearing Persian's mark the most. It is also worth noting that due to the politicisation of language in the subcontinent, Persian features make an even stronger appearance among the ...
There have been attempts to purge Urdu of native Prakrit and Sanskrit words, and Hindi of Persian loanwords – new vocabulary draws primarily from Persian and Arabic for Urdu and from Sanskrit for Hindi. [112] [113] English has exerted a heavy influence on both as a co-official language. [114]
These Persian and Arabic loanwords form 25% of Urdu's vocabulary. [10] [23] As a form of Hindustani and a member of the Western Hindi category of Indo-Aryan languages, [22] 75% of Urdu words have their etymological roots in Sanskrit and Prakrit, [10] [24] [25] and approximately 99% of Urdu verbs have their roots in Sanskrit and Prakrit. [23] [26]
Tarikh (Arabic: تاريخ, romanized: Tārīkh) is an Arabic word meaning "date, chronology, era", whence by extension "annals, history, historiography". It is also used in Persian, Urdu, Bengali and the Turkic languages. It is found in the title of many historical works.