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Female genital mutilation (FGM) (also known as female genital cutting, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision [a]) is the cutting or removal of some or all of the vulva for non-medical reasons. FGM prevalence varies worldwide, but is majorly present in some countries of Africa, Asia and Middle East, and within their ...
Circumcision being performed in Central Asia, c. 1865–1872. Restored albumen print.. The Quran itself does not mention circumcision explicitly in any verse. [1] [4] [2] [7] In the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, both male and female circumcision were carried out by Pagan Arabian tribes, [1] [2] [7] and male circumcision was performed by the Jewish tribes of Arabia for religious reasons.
Ancient Egyptian carved scene of circumcision, from the inner northern wall of the Temple of Khonspekhrod at the Precinct of Mut, Luxor, Egypt. Eighteenth dynasty , Amenhotep III , c. 1360 BC. Sixth Dynasty (2345–2181 BCE ) tomb artwork in Egypt is thought to be the oldest documentary evidence of circumcision.
Islam introduced FGM into Indonesia and Malaysia from the 13th century on. [72] [73] Over 80 percent of Malaysian women claim religious obligation as the primary reason for practising FGM, along with hygiene (41 percent) and cultural practice (32 percent). [74] The practice is widespread among Muslim women in Indonesia. [75]
Genital mutilation is common in some situations of war or armed conflict, with perpetrators using violence against the genitals of men, women, and non-binary people. [12] These different forms of sexual violence can terrorize targeted individuals and communities, prevent individuals from reproducing, and cause tremendous pain and psychological ...
In 2012, UNICEF reported that 87% of Egyptian women and girls 15–49 years old had undergone female genital mutilation. [20] In June 2013, 13-year-old Soheir al-Batea died after undergoing FGM. The doctor responsible for the procedure became the first doctor in Egypt to be tried for committing female genital mutilation.
Nawal El Saadawi (Arabic: نوال السعداوي, ALA-LC: Nawāl as-Saaʻdāwī, 22 October 1931 – 21 March 2021) was an Egyptian feminist writer, activist and physician. She wrote numerous books on the subject of women in Islam, focusing on the practice of female genital mutilation in her society. [1]
Despite international reports to the contrary, [8] [2]: 45 [1]: 26 female genital mutilation has been explicitly criminalised in the Netherlands since 1 February 2006, namely in the then Articles 5.3 and 5a.1 of the Dutch Criminal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht), [9] and the statute of limitations was increased on 1 July 2009 by not starting ...