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  2. Ethanol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol

    Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 OH. It is an alcohol , with its formula also written as C 2 H 5 OH , C 2 H 6 O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl .

  3. Distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation

    The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid ... wood alcohol. Freeze distillation is an analogous method of ...

  4. Fractional distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_distillation

    In this example, a mixture of 96% ethanol and 4% water boils at 78.2 °C (172.8 °F); the mixture is more volatile than pure ethanol. For this reason, ethanol cannot be completely purified by direct fractional distillation of ethanol–water mixtures. The apparatus is assembled as in the diagram.

  5. Ethanol (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_(data_page)

    Ethanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula = + [10] Log 10 of ...

  6. Azeotrope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope

    A well-known example of a positive azeotrope is an ethanol–water mixture (obtained by fermentation of sugars) consisting of 95.63% ethanol and 4.37% water (by mass), which boils at 78.2 °C. [10] Ethanol boils at 78.4 °C, water boils at 100 °C, but the azeotrope boils at 78.2 °C, which is lower than either of its constituents. [11]

  7. Azeotropic distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotropic_distillation

    2 Distillation of ethanol/water. 3 Pressure-swing distillation. ... 3 fractionating column, 4 thermometer/boiling point temperature, 5 condenser, 6 cooling water in, ...

  8. Still - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still

    Since ethanol boils at a much lower temperature than water, simple distillation can separate ethanol from water by applying heat to the mixture. Historically, a copper vessel was used for this purpose, since copper removes undesirable sulfur-based compounds from the alcohol.

  9. Azeotrope tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope_tables

    This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.