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According to the Open Group Base Specifications, IFS is an abbreviation for "input field separators." [1] A newer version of this specification mentions that "this name is misleading as the IFS characters are actually used as field terminators."
In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, printf is a shell builtin (and utility program [2]) that formats and outputs text like the same-named C function. Originally named for outputting to a printer, it actually outputs to standard output. [3] The command accepts a format string, which specifies how to format values, and a list of values.
printf is a C standard library function that formats text and writes it to standard output. The name, printf is short for print formatted where print refers to output to a printer although the functions are not limited to printer output. The standard library provides many other similar functions that form a family of printf-like functions.
printf is a bash shell builtin which is identical to the C printf except for its omission of brackets (which the C preprocessor adds if this is compiled with a C compiler). The final three lines are only used by bash, to call the main function.
Bash supports process substitution using the <(command) and >(command)syntax, which substitutes the output of (or input to) a command where a filename is normally used. (This is implemented through /proc/fd/ unnamed pipes on systems that support that, or via temporary named pipes where necessary).
To demonstrate the value of the escape sequence feature, to output the text Foo on one line and Bar on the next line, the code must output a newline between the two words. The following code achieves the goal via text formatting and a hard-coded ASCII character value for newline (0x0A). This behaves as desired with the words on sequential lines ...
If you see Randy Moss wearing sunglasses on ESPN's "Sunday NFL Countdown," there's a reason for the choice. The Hall of Fame wide receiver-turned-analyst opened Sunday's show to explain that he ...
Newline inserted between the words "Hello" and "world" A newline (frequently called line ending, end of line (EOL), next line (NEL) or line break) is a control character or sequence of control characters in character encoding specifications such as ASCII, EBCDIC, Unicode, etc.